Spotlight G20: International monetary system reform: G20 chooses the wrong priorities

Aldo Caliari, guest blogger, part of our 2011 Spotlight G20 Series

When the first G20 Summit was launched in 2008 in order to provide an emergency response to the global financial crisis, the premise was that dramatic reforms were needed in a short period of time. Those reforms could never happen in the slow-moving machineries of the institutions with full representation of all countries, such as the UN, hence, the need for the G20.

Three years down the road, and based on the preliminary agreements that one can foresee happening in the coming Summit in Cannes, the G20 has negligible progress to show, calling such premises into question. The world veers dangerously close to a new global recession that, if it happens, will catch developing countries in a worse position than three years ago. The President of the World Bank informed last month that developing countries’ fiscal positions are, in the average, two percentage points of GDP down from where they were pre-crisis. In the face of what is arguably a more pressing emergency than three years ago, the Group cannot even agree to throw its full weight behind the coordinated stimulus measures of the kind and scale to which they’d previously agreed. The idea that grand agreements can be reached by the most powerful countries, if only small countries stop acting as spoilers or brakes in the multilateral machinery with their delaying tactics or parochial views, has evidently no merit to it.

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Spotlight G20: Why We Need a Financial Transaction Tax: A Proposal for the G20

Kavaljit Singh, guest blogger, part of our 2011 Spotlight G20 Series

At the forthcoming G20 Summit (Cannes, 3-4 November 2011), the summit leaders are expected to address several policy issues concerning world economy and financial markets, many of which remained unresolved since the Toronto Summit in June 2010. Against the backdrop of a weak global economy and the ongoing eurozone sovereign debt crisis, G20 leaders will have to take some hard decisions. Failure to do so would undermine the effectiveness and credibility of G20 as the “premium forum” for international economic cooperation.

One of the key policy issues to be tackled at the Cannes Summit is the introduction of a global financial transaction tax (FTT). The Interim Report of the G20 on Fair and Substantial Contribution by the Financial Sector (2010) had proposed a flat rate levy on all financial institutions and “financial activities tax” on profits and remuneration in order to pay for future financial clean-ups and reduce systemic risk. But the proposal got diluted at the G20 meeting held at Busan in June 2010, which called for implementation of the levy taking into account an individual country’s circumstances and options.

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Response to Frank Ackerman

Richard Tol, guest blogger

Over the last 20 years, I have developed (and later co-developed) an integrated assessment model of climate change called FUND.  Model code and documentation used to be available to anyone on request. It can now be freely downloaded. Reproducibility and transparency are cornerstones of scientific inquiry.

Some modelers prefer to keep their code private. There are a number of reasons for this. One reason is the potential for abuse. Someone may borrow your model, do something inappropriate or silly with it, and use the results to embarrass you.

I have borrowed other people’s models. I have found bugs in their codes, or what seemed to be bugs. I always discuss this with the modeler in question. If there really was an error – more often it is a misunderstanding on the part of the outsider – I left it to the modeler to correct this and whatever results that were affected.

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Spotlight G20: Why the G20 must set rules for private sector involvement in development

Nuria Molina-Gallart, Guest Blogger, part of our 2011 Spotlight G20 Series

The G20 are turning more and more to the private sector as the solution to public sector malaises, but there need be binding rules in place to ensure that private finance can contribute to sustainable and equitable development.

G20 governments are increasingly pushing for greater private sector involvement in developing countries, ranging from infrastructure financing, investment in food and agriculture, or climate finance.

Private sector finance could be the answer; it just depends on what is the question. If the question is “Can private sector investment play a role in creating jobs and paying taxes and contribute to sustainable and equitable development?” The answer is probably yes. If the question is “Can the private sector fill in public sector financial and regulatory gaps?” Then the answer is probably not.

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Spotlight G20: The G20’s Motto: “No We Cannes’t”?

Nancy Alexander, guest blogger,  part of our 2011 Spotlight G20 Series

As is customary now, the days of the business summit – the B20 – overlap with the Leaders’ Summit.  In Cannes, the B20 is on November 2-3; the G20 is on November 3-4.   At these Summits, the Presidents of the business confederations of the G20 countries, as well as 120 CEOs and Chairmen from global companies are delivering messages on 12 themes to the G20.

Many of these Ultra-High Net Worth Individuals (HNWIs) live in a rarified world according to the World Wealth Report 2011. A world far from the “99%” of the population represented by the “Occupy” protests or the civil society mobilizations in Nice on 2-3 November.

The G20 Advisory Group of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) is already working closely with its counterparts on the June 18-19 G20 Summit in Los Cabos, Mexico.  That Summit will focus on seven themes: financial regulation and supervision; IFI, especially IMF, reform; the International Monetary System; financial inclusion; commodity price volatility and food security; green growth; and challenges for economic growth.

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Would Women Leaders Have Prevented the Global Financial Crisis?

Julie A. Nelson, Guest Blogger

Some have asked whether things would have turned out differently if Lehman Brothers investment bank, which went so spectacularly bankrupt, had been Lehman Sisters, instead. Would having more women in leadership positions in finance naturally lead to a kinder, gentler, and tidier economy?

While there is an important gender angle to the financial crisis, it is not about differences in traits that men and women presumably “bring with them” to their work.  In a recent paper, I discuss how low-quality behavioral research and associated media hype have caused a resurgence in stereotyped thinking about men’s and women’s financial behavior and attitudes towards risk. Yes, men and women are different, but we are not nearly as different as those literatures would have us believe.

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Spotlight G20: G20 Defers Decision on Financial Transaction Tax Despite Global Support

Kavaljit Singh, Guest blogger

The G20 finance ministers and central bankers have put off an immediate decision to weigh up a global financial transaction tax (FTT) proposal at the forthcoming G20 Summit (Cannes, 3-4 November 2011).

The two-day Ministerial Meeting (14-15 October) in Paris took place against the backdrop of huge protests in US and Europe, galvanized by the Occupy Wall Street movement. At the Paris meeting, G20 finance ministers discussed myriad policy and implementation issues concerning world economy and financial markets. As anticipated, eurozone sovereign debt crisis dominated the discussions and the communiqué pressed Europe to act decisively on resolving the crisis at the forthcoming EU summit next week.

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Whose country is it? Wall Street occupies the regulatory agencies

Steve Suppan, Guest Blogger

The occupation of Wall Street by protestors against financial “innovations,” such as mortgage derivatives, which have devastated the real economy and its people, is beginning its fourth week; the Wall Street occupation of U.S. regulatory agencies, which are supposed to ensure fair and transparent markets, is into its ninth decade.  A vote tomorrow by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) on a weakened rule to reduce bank and hedge fund control of agriculture and energy markets will likely confirm the continued occupation by Wall Street.

Market deregulation, lubricated by a $5 billion lobbying budget from 1998 to 2008, according to Wall Street Watch, is a major cause of the economic crisis from which we are trying to recover. As CFTC Chairman Gary Gensler noted in an October 3 speech, the unregulated market now is seven times the size of the regulated market.

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The G-20’s opportunity on food reserves

Sophia Murphy, Guest Blogger

G-20 development ministers meet on Friday in Washington, D.C. One of the items on their agenda is a proposal developed in June for the G-20 agriculture ministers to allow the World Food Program to develop a pilot proposal for an emergency food reserve. The decision was possibly the most important outcome in an otherwise thin summit communiqué: however circumscribed, we know that food price volatility correlates with low stocks, and that providing stocks is a proven way to curb excessive volatility. We also know that in emergencies, in most of the poorest countries, it takes an average of 90 days to bring food into food-deficit areas. 90 days is too long. The costs of working in emergency conditions are also too high, in both resources and human life. There are cheaper, better ways to ensure food is available when it’s needed: a reserve in the food-vulnerable regions is one of them.

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The G-20's opportunity on food reserves

Sophia Murphy, Guest Blogger

G-20 development ministers meet on Friday in Washington, D.C. One of the items on their agenda is a proposal developed in June for the G-20 agriculture ministers to allow the World Food Program to develop a pilot proposal for an emergency food reserve. The decision was possibly the most important outcome in an otherwise thin summit communiqué: however circumscribed, we know that food price volatility correlates with low stocks, and that providing stocks is a proven way to curb excessive volatility. We also know that in emergencies, in most of the poorest countries, it takes an average of 90 days to bring food into food-deficit areas. 90 days is too long. The costs of working in emergency conditions are also too high, in both resources and human life. There are cheaper, better ways to ensure food is available when it’s needed: a reserve in the food-vulnerable regions is one of them.

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