Zombie Economics: Financial crisis fails to kill discredited theories

Mark Blyth, Guest Blogger

As George Soros noted in his recent NY Review of Books piece, before the recent G20 meeting in Toronto, Germany’s deflationist stance was the minority position. By the end of the meeting the American reflationary stance was the minority position. Abruptly, and against the apparent ‘we are all Keynesians now (again)’ love-fest of 2008-2009, the G20 signed up to halve their budget deficits by 2013. Government spending, it seems, has to stop.

Now the G20 does have a point. There is too much debt in the system, from consumers, to corporations, banks, and sovereigns. But as I blogged in a recent piece for Foreign Affairs, the G20’s endorsement of “growth friendly fiscal consolidation” relies on the same fallacy of composition that brought on the banking crisis. Back in the glow of the ‘Great Moderation’ regulators assumed that by making individual banks safe you make the system as a whole safe. Unfortunately, as the world discovered through learning terms like ‘CDS daisy-chains’ and ‘serial correlation,’ that turned out to be a really bad assumption. Now, in a re-run worthy of Nick-at-Night, we are about to simultaneously retrench in the middle of a recession in order to restore growth.

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Recovering from Crisis: Dealing with a second dip

C.P. Chandrasekhar

August 2010 brings news on global growth which is disconcerting to say the least. Numbers from countries across the globe suggest that the incipient recovery characterising the world economy may already be losing steam. The US economy recorded a lower 2.4 per cent growth in GDP in the second quarter of this year compared to a much more comforting 3.7 per cent in the first quarter. This news followed the evidence that industrial production in Japan fell by 1.5 per cent in May. And finally, an (unusual) index of demand growth in China, which is being looked to as the driver of global growth, shows that demand is stabilising. The purchasing managers’ index (PMI) published by the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing slipped from 52.1 in June to 51.2 in July, closer to the 50 point level that signals positive growth.

These changes may not be substantial or even indicators of a medium term shift in growth trends. But with the world sitting on worries of a potential second dip, they are receiving attention. The search for instruments to drive the recovery is still on. Yet the pressure to curtail public spending and reduce public debt is strong in most contexts. This leaves monetary policy as the alternative to generate a recovery.

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Public Banks and Development

Matías Vernengo

Over the last thirty years there has been a significant change in the role of public banks.  Neoliberal policies suggested that central banks should be independent of the Treasury, and should concentrate their efforts on inflation targeting.  Further, development banks, where they existed, were discouraged as tools for industrial policy, that is, they were precluded from providing subsidized credit for specific economic sectors.  On the other hand, the tendency was to use development banks as instruments of the process of privatization, providing credit for mergers and acquisitions.  Finally, the international financial institutions (e.g. IMF, World Bank, etc.) were used to spearhead the process of liberalization, and credit was only available to those that adopted the neoliberal policies.

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